To define the geometry of the ruptured fault, we (1) held a field survey within a week of the mainshock, (2) correlated our field data with the multitrack InSAR data, (3) relocated the epicenter of the mainshock, and its aftershocks, and (4) implemented moment tensor inversion analyses to the earthquakes larger than M 3.3. This issue and the complex fault pattern around the triple junction caused uncertainties about the ruptured fault and the rupture mechanism. Following the event, various agencies reported different epicenter locations.
On June 14, 2020, Mw 5.9 Kaynarpınar earthquake occurred in the easternmost part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, along the Yedisu Seismic Gap near the Karlıova Triple Junction. The fringes, as lines of equal phase in the interferogram, are like contour lines on a topographic map. Practically speaking, the altitude of ambiguity h a is the elevation difference between adjacent fringes in the interferogram, after orbital correction. The altitude of ambiguity h a is the change of elevation which forces the slave range to change by half a wavelength (one-wavelength round trip) with respect to what it would be on the reference. The change of range is measured by the number of wavelengths, obtained by counting the number of cycles between the point and a neighbor point located at a reference altitude, and adding the residual represented by the actual value of the phase. This effect determines whether a point located at a given range R mi in the master image is located on the reference or not.
Assuming that h i is the terrain elevation observed by the ith range pixel with respect to a reference ground altitude (horizontal line), we observe that the circles of equal range in the master track and the slave track cannot coincide for both the reference altitude and the altitude h i unless the tracks themselves coincide. Geometric sketch for definition of the altitude of ambiguity h a.
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